What is Tyrosine?

L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid that is naturally produced in the body from phenylalanine. It is also obtained through dietary sources such as meat, fish, and dairy products. L-Tyrosine plays a crucial role in the production of various neurotransmitters, hormones, and proteins in the body.

L-Tyrosine History

L-Tyrosine was first discovered in 1846 by a German chemist named Justus von Liebig. The name "tyrosine" was derived from the Greek word "tyros," meaning cheese, as it was first isolated from cheese protein. Later, in 1910, L-Tyrosine was synthesized in the laboratory for the first time.

L-Tyrosine Chemistry

L-Tyrosine is an aromatic amino acid with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to its phenyl ring. It is a precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, which are responsible for regulating mood, motivation, and attention.

Pharmacology

L-Tyrosine is a natural nootropic that has been shown to improve cognitive function, memory, and attention in healthy individuals. It works by increasing the production of neurotransmitters in the brain, which can help to enhance mental clarity and focus.

L-Tyrosine and Cocaine Users

L-Tyrosine has been studied for its potential to reduce the cravings and withdrawal symptoms associated with cocaine addiction. Research suggests that L-Tyrosine supplementation may help to increase dopamine levels in the brain, which can help to reduce the negative effects of cocaine withdrawal.

L-Tyrosine Usage

L-Tyrosine is commonly used as a dietary supplement to support cognitive function, improve mood, and increase energy levels. It is also used by athletes and bodybuilders to improve physical performance and reduce fatigue.

Medical Usage

L-Tyrosine is used in the medical field to treat various conditions such as depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Parkinson's disease. It is also used as a supplement to support the treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU), a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to break down phenylalanine.

Warnings

While L-Tyrosine is generally considered safe when taken as directed, it can cause side effects such as headaches, nausea, and heartburn in some individuals. It should be avoided by people who have been diagnosed with phenylketonuria, as they may not be able to properly metabolize it. Pregnant and nursing women should consult their healthcare provider before taking L-Tyrosine.

References

1. Fernstrom JD, Fernstrom MH. Tyrosine, phenylalanine, and catecholamine synthesis and function in the brain. J Nutr. 2007 Jun;137(6 Suppl 1):1539S-1547S.

2. National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. Tyrosine, CID=6057, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Tyrosine (accessed on Apr. 14, 2023).2. Wurtman RJ, Lieberman HR. Boosting brain dopamine and norepinephrine: a pharmacological strategy to improve cognitive performance. In: Neuroergonomics: The Brain at Work. Academic Press; 2006:91-102.

3. Young SN, Shalchi M. The effect of tyrosine on cognitive performance in healthy elderly volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 May;154(2):219-22.

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