What is Ginkgo

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) is a unique tree species native to China, known for its remarkable longevity and medicinal properties. It is considered a living fossil, as it is the only living species from the Ginkgophyta division, which existed 200 million years ago. Ginkgo is widely cultivated and used for its leaves and seeds, which have been found to possess beneficial effects on the brain, circulatory system, and overall health.

History

Ginkgo has a rich history in traditional Chinese medicine, where it has been used for thousands of years to treat various health issues. The tree was first introduced to Europe in the 1700s and has since been cultivated and used for its medicinal properties worldwide. Ginkgo is also a popular ornamental tree due to its beautiful fan-shaped leaves.

Botanical Info

Ginkgo is a deciduous tree that can grow up to 35 meters tall. It has unique fan-shaped leaves with a distinct green-yellow color that turn golden in the fall. The tree produces small, round seeds that have a fleshy outer layer, which is removed to reveal the inner nut-like seed.

Chemistry

Ginkgo leaves and seeds contain numerous bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and ginkgolides. Flavonoids are potent antioxidants that protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, while terpenoids are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. Ginkgolides, on the other hand, have been found to improve blood flow and have neuroprotective effects.

Effects

Ginkgo has been found to have several beneficial effects on the body. It is known to improve cognitive function, memory, and concentration, making it popular among students and individuals with cognitive impairment. Ginkgo has also been found to improve blood flow and reduce inflammation, making it useful in the treatment of circulatory disorders, such as peripheral artery disease and Raynaud's disease.

Usage

Ginkgo is commonly used as a dietary supplement and is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, and extracts. It is also a popular ingredient in herbal teas and cosmetics. Ginkgo is used to improve cognitive function, memory, and concentration, as well as to reduce inflammation and improve blood flow.

Medicinal Use

Ginkgo has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a wide range of health issues, including asthma, bronchitis, and urinary problems. In modern medicine, ginkgo is used primarily to improve cognitive function, memory, and concentration. It is also used to treat circulatory disorders, such as peripheral artery disease and Raynaud's disease, and to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Cultivation

Ginkgo is widely cultivated in temperate regions worldwide and is a popular ornamental tree due to its unique leaves and resistance to pests and disease. The tree grows best in well-drained soil and can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, from -30°C to 40°C. Ginkgo trees can be propagated by seeds or cuttings and typically take 20-25 years to reach maturity.

Storage

Ginkgo leaves and seeds should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Extracts and supplements should be stored according to the manufacturer's instructions.

References

Mazzanti G, Di Giorgio C, Daniele C, et al. Ginkgo biloba extract: from molecular mechanisms to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2002;48(6):613-623.
    Shi C, Liu J, Wu F, et al. Ginkgo biloba extract in vascular protection: molecular mechanisms and