What is Selenium?

Selenium is a mineral that is essential for human health. It is a trace element, meaning that it is required in small amounts for optimal health. Selenium is important for a variety of functions in the body, including thyroid function, DNA synthesis, and immune system function.

History

Selenium was discovered in 1817 by Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius. However, it wasn't until the 1950s that scientists discovered its importance in human health.

Pharmacology

Selenium acts as an antioxidant in the body, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. It also plays a role in regulating the immune system and thyroid function.

Chemistry

Selenium is a chemical element with the symbol Se and atomic number 34. It is a nonmetal and has properties that are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals.

Effects - Positive and Negative

Positive effects:

1. Antioxidant properties: Selenium acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. This can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease.

2. Improved thyroid function: Selenium is important for the production of thyroid hormones. Adequate selenium levels can help regulate thyroid function and improve metabolism.

3. Immune system support: Selenium plays a role in the function of the immune system, helping to protect against infections and disease.

4. Cognitive function: Studies have shown that selenium may help improve cognitive function and reduce the risk of age-related cognitive decline.

Negative effects:

1. Toxicity: While selenium is important for health, too much of it can be toxic. High levels of selenium can cause selenosis, a condition that can cause hair loss, brittle nails, and neurological symptoms.

2. Interference with other minerals: High levels of selenium can interfere with the absorption of other minerals, including zinc and copper.

Supplements to Boost

Selenium can be found in many foods, including brazil nuts, seafood, organ meats, and grains. However, it can be difficult to get enough selenium through diet alone. Supplements can be a good option for those who are deficient in selenium or have difficulty getting enough through their diet.

It is important to talk to a healthcare professional before taking selenium supplements, as too much selenium can be toxic.

Warnings

1. Toxicity: As mentioned earlier, too much selenium can be toxic. The tolerable upper intake level (UL) for selenium is 400 micrograms per day for adults. Taking more than this amount can cause selenosis.

2. Interaction with medications: Selenium supplements can interact with certain medications, including blood thinners and chemotherapy drugs.

Conclusion

Selenium is an essential mineral that plays an important role in many functions in the body, including thyroid function, immune system function, and antioxidant protection. While it is important for health, too much selenium can be toxic. It is important to talk to a healthcare professional before taking selenium supplements to ensure that you are taking the right amount for your individual needs.

References

1. Rayman MP. Selenium and human health. Lancet. 2012 Mar 31;379(9822):1256-68.

2. National Institutes of Health. Selenium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Available at: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-HealthProfessional/. Accessed April 23, 2023.

3. Wu Q, Rayman MP, Lv H, et al. Low population selenium status is associated with increased prevalence of thyroid disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Feb;100(2):403-11.